Author contributions ZJ, TI, and HN designed research, performed experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript
It may offer several health and beauty benefits, including supporting immune function, liver health, and muscle recovery, though more research is needed
doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.3.e373
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Thus, to what extent we can fit theory to the data depends on the accuracy of not only the concentrations as a function of pH, but also on the accuracy of the measured solubility of the very low solubility Nic OH species and, if available, on measuring or calculating the pKa itself