It is an agonist at the trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR1), stimulating the release of both norepinephrine and epinephrine
Sikiri, P., Mazul, B., Seiwerth, S., Grabarevi, Z., Rucman, R., Petek, M., Jagi, V., Turkovi, B., Rotkvi, I., Mise, S., Zorici, I., Jurina, L., Konjevoda, P., Hanzevacki, M., Gjurasin, M., Separovi, J., Ljubanovi, D., Artukovi, B., Bratuli, M., Tisljar, M., Sumajstorci, J
Vitamin B12 is needed to maintain good metabolism, health of blood cells and nerves
doi: 10.3390/nu9010001, Summary Keywords vitamin B 12 , health care, hospitalization, public health burden, clinical diseases Citation de Carvalho LP, Akamine N, Di Pietro MS, Frana CN, Oliveira R and Lopes RD (2026) Vitamin B 12 deficiency and its impact on healthcare: a population-level analysis and call for action
The failure of these mitochondrial complexes in brain tissue is also expected to increase ROS production leading to further localized cellular damage